你關燈，我也關燈。。。大家一起關燈吧！關完就算！

你關燈，我也關燈。。。大家一起關燈吧！關完就算！玩玩一下也好啊，新鮮啊！

最近，地球60小時的宣傳很廣，呼吁人家關燈一小時。我初始是很開心，但是現在我看到的是，很多的人都表明會響應這一次的關燈活動。說是為了抗環保，大家一起關燈，到處去向人宣揚，關燈吧，救救地球。。。

就說一說這活動的緣起吧。其實當初這一個活動會用關燈作為名義是因為為了抵抗煤炭發電場在產生電源的時候，所造出來的煙會影響到大自然，那就是你們一般說的黑煙（一氧化碳，二氧化碳等）。那么以關燈作為行動，代表著要發電場減少產生一些些的電源，減少一些氣體的排放。當然，衍生下來就是為了環境保護。

但是，我看到一些些的人，到處去宣揚叫人家環保，但是自己卻不環保。叫人家關燈就會，環境保護就不會；這是一件很悲哀的是。寶麗龍照用，紙張照丟進垃圾桶，不加以分類；然后嘴巴上就說，我們要照顧地球，救救北極熊。我看來，你們那樣子，北極熊還是會給你們害死的。

其實，在我推廣環保的那么多年（其實只是兩三年而已），我看到的，見到的，許許多多的人都知道環保的重要性，但是自己就是懶惰，或者貪方便，而忽略了環保。再來就是，他們說環保的替代品很貴。打個比方，我每次出去都會帶環保筷的，人家看到我用的時候就會好奇地問，當然，我就會介紹給他們，并要求他們也一齊響應。我用的是慈濟的環保筷，但，他們聽到一對要33元左右，就直喊貴。當然我也沒辦法，但是在這邊要講一下，你們可以去唱K，打保齡，看戲花費，一對的環保筷就喊貴；有不見得你們說你們做這些事情是在浪費錢？

其實，環保的范圍很廣，不是只是寶麗龍，紙袋，再循環等（當然，這些是比較普遍的）。

地球一小時，其實不是一小時，是無限的小時，大家要記住。關燈一小時是第一步，接下來要做的可多著了呢！為地球，為環境，為下一代，也為了自己的健康著想，踏出第一步，現在開始成為環保一族吧！

當然，今天也記得關燈！！！

intro on Polystyrene

I know is a bit boring.....bt i still think its important to post it out.......

What is polystyrene
Polystyrene is a petroleum-based plastic made from the styrene monomer. Most people know it under the name Styrofoam, which is actually the trade name of a polystyrene foam product used for housing insulation. Polystyrene is a light-weight material, about 95% air, with very good insulation properties and is used in all types of products from cups that keep your beverages hot or cold to packaging material that keep your computers safe during shipping. Polystyrene is a thermoplastic substance, normally existing in solid state at room temperature, but melting if heated (for molding or extrusion), and becoming solid again when cooling off.

History
---discovered in 1839 by Eduard Simon, an apothecary in Berlin,from storax,
---1845 chemically identical as Styroloxyd
---1866 Marcelin Berthelot correctly identified the formation of metastyrol from styrol as a polymerization, process.
---thesis of German organic chemist Hermann Staudinger (1881–1965,leading to the substance receiving its present name, polystyrene.
---In 1959, the Koppers Company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, developed expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam. Edward J. Stove made the first commercial foam cup. Experimental cups were first made of puffed rice glued together to form a cup to show how it would feel and look.The chemistry was then developed to make the cups commercial.

Structure and properties
---long chain hydrocarbon with every other carbon connected to a phenyl group (the name given to the aromatic ring benzene, when bonded to complex carbon substituents), (C8H9)n;
---contains the chemical elements carbon and hydrogen.
---a macromolecule

Use of polystyrene
Solid polystyrene is used to make disposable cutlery, yogurt and cottage cheese containers, cups, clear salad bar containers and video and audiocassette housings.
Schools, hospitals, nursing homes, supermarkets, restaurants and sports stadiums are among the many institutions and businesses that rely on polystyrene packaging.
Grocery stores use polystyrene in virtually all meat and poultry trays. In addition, polystyrene packaging can be found in egg cartons and a variety of produce packages, such as apple trays, mushroom tills, tomato containers, and strawberry and grape crates.
Polystyrene food service products are generally more economical to use than disposable paperboard products and reusable food service items.
The wholesale price of polystyrene disposable food service products is often approximately two to three times less than an equivalent disposable paper container, and four to five times less than a comparable reusable food service item when the costs of equipment, labour, water, electricity, and detergent costs are included.

Harm n beneficial
---Polystyrene does not biodegrade and resist to photolysis. It crumbles into fragments that do not break down
---its light and is often abundant in the outdoor environment
---The majority of polystyrene products are not recycled because of a lack of suitable recycling facilities. polystyrene "recycling" is not a closed loop, producing more polystyrene; polystyrene cups and other packaging materials are instead usually used as fillers in other plastics, or in other items that cannot themselves be recycled and are thrown away.Food service polystyrene packaging is not recycled because it is not economically viable due to contamination.
---Polystyrene takes up more space in landfills than paper and eventually will re-enter the environment when landfills are breached by water or mechanical forces.
---Polystyrene is not currently collected though kerbside recycling (some country manage to collect and recycle the polystyrene, but it just limited to some types of polystyrene.
---polystyrene deplete the ozone layer.
Initially a portion of polystyrene production was aided by the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the chemicals that break down ozone in the troposphere. When this issue came to light, polystyrene manufacturers negotiated a gradual phase-out of CFCs in the production process and no CFCs have been used since the late 1980's.
Though polystyrene manufacturers claim that their products are "ozone-friendly" or free of CFCs, this is only partially true. Some polystyrene is now manufactured with HCFC-22, which, though less destructive than its chemical cousins, CFC-11 and CFC-12, is still a greenhouse gas and harmful to the ozone layer. In fact, according to a 1992 study by the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, HCFCs are three to five times more destructive to the ozone layer than previously believed.
-"Study Finds CFC Alternatives More Damaging Than Believed," The Washington Post, December 10, 1989.
---unpolymerized styrene may pose health risks. Nevertheless, the EPA(environment ppolicy of America) states:

“ Styrene is primarily used in the production of polystyrene plastics and resins. Acute (short-term) exposure to styrene in humans results in mucous membrane and eye irritation, and gastrointestinal effects. Chronic (long-term) exposure to styrene in humans results in effects on the central nervous system (CNS), such as headache, fatigue, weakness, and depression, CSN dysfunction, hearing loss, and peripheral neuropathy. Human studies are inconclusive on the reproductive and developmental effects of styrene; several studies did not report an increase in developmental effects in women who worked in the plastics industry, while an increased frequency of spontaneous abortions and decreased frequency of births were reported in another study. Several epidemiologic studies suggest there may be an association between styrene exposure and an increased risk of leukemia and lymphoma. However, the evidence is inconclusive due to confounding factors. EPA has not given a formal carcinogen classification to styrene. ”



Kindly thankz for
http://www.earthresource.org/campaigns/capp/capp-styrofoam.html
Wikipedia

USM has banned polystrene,how about other university????

USM has banned polystrene,how about other university????
whyban polystyrene containers ... ?
-styrene is “possibly carcinogenic for humans”(IARC)
-Other researchers/authors claim that styrene is a confirmed carcinogen
-benzene is a known carcinogen,a products are made with petroleum, a non-sustainable, heavily polluting and disappearing commodity.
-high environmental impact
-500 years to breakdown (but into what ...?)
-high energy consumption, greenhouse effect & total environmental effect (second highest after aluminium)
-starvation of birds and marine animals
-low in weight but very high in volume (takes lots of space in landfill)
-low recyclability (but why do we want to recycle hazardous products?)
-Toxic chemicals leach out of these products into the food that they contain. These chemicals threate human health and reproductive systems.
-takes up more space in landfills than does paper and eventually will re-enter the environment when landfills are breached by water or mechanical forces.


USM has banned it for environment, how about other university?how abouut urselves?From TODAY,

SAY NO TO POLYSTRENE

DOWNLOAD THIS DOCUMENT AND SAW WHAT USM HAD DONE:

http://healthycampus.usm.my/ver3/filesup/LesserPlastic@USM-4Jul08-1.pdf

Garbage Enzyme

请大大力转载

在录自：longlife
最近有人问我关于垃圾酵素只作法，我这就放上它。。。。

专题报导——Garbage Enzyme环保酵素 拯救地球
专访摄影 刘秋霞 编辑 蒋丽慧

风暴侵袭、土地龟裂、冰川融化、海水高涨……孕育着万物亿年的大地之母，面对人类的“杰作”，已经在咆哮抗议。环保运动随着在世界各地兴起，其中新近研发的环保酵素，也为地球环保捎来佳音。把家里要丢弃的蔬果皮变成保护地球的酵素，制作过程简单而不复杂，你也能成为环保一份子。


在离地面20-30公里的距离，大自然形成的臭氧层给地球以及地球上生活着的每一个生命，都建起了防止太阳紫外线和宇宙辐射的保护圈。然而，近几十年来由于人类经济活动的快速成长，森林大量被砍伐、所制造之化学品及产生之空气污染，正以空前未有之速度，改变大气层的结构。地球的保护圈为之变得越来越稀薄，使到地球升温、冰川融化、海水高涨淹没大地……所谓“地球暖化”，由此而来。

不管是教科书上、报章杂志、电视广播、网络上等，相关的资料与知识可是一箩筐，多得不胜枚举。在这么强烈的资讯轰炸下，相信大家对“温室效应”、“地球暖化”等热门名词，应该不感到陌生。但知道归知道，大部份的人对于这些环保课题多少抱着与我何干的心态，觉得自己小小的力量并不能改变什么。孰不知道，其实 “地球暖化”影响着整个地球的生态，与每一个生活在地球上的生物息息相关。

近年来，全球气候异常，不是大雨引发水灾就是炎热引发旱灾，海啸、热浪、洪水、森林大火等新闻时有所闻，这都是地球发给我们的警讯，提醒大家是时候为环保尽一份心力了。每个人只要凭着自己小小的力量，就可以协力扭转地球被破坏的命运。

来自泰国的乐素昆博士(Dr.Rosukon)研究酵素30余年，成功研究出环保酵素(也称垃圾酵素，Garbage Enzyme)。环保酵素就是利用菜渣、果皮等鲜垃圾制成的，不但制作过程简单、制作材料随手可得、节省金钱、用途广泛、减少垃圾量，还对环保起着很大的作用。

在马来西亚，我们也发现到两位极力推广环保酵素的环保达人，他们是来自槟城的温秀枝医师 （Dr.Joean Oon)及泰国的吗哈老师（Mr. Mahaprajuap），他们两位皆到乐素昆博士的健康之家（Health Farm)学习，并致力于到世界各地推广环保酵素。通过多方打听，本刊以第一时间联络上这两位充满爱心的环保达人，并与他们进行专访，将环保酵素的制作过程及种种好处与读者们分享。

材料：黑糖/黄糖 1kg 、鲜垃圾 3 kg、水 10L
备注：搜集到3kg的鲜垃圾，就必须加入1kg的黑糖及10L的水，以此类推。

步骤：
1 将搜集到的鲜垃圾切成小块，以加速分解过程。
2 随后将鲜垃圾倒进瓷器，陶缸或者塑胶缸里。切记选用较大的容器制作酵素，以防止酵素发酵时溢出容器外。
3 加入适当比例的黑糖及水，稍微搅拌。
4 黑糖水需盖过垃圾，把浮在液面上的垃圾按下去，使其浸泡在液体中。将容器盖紧，必须发酵至少三个月。

注意事项：
1)鲜垃圾包括剩饭、鲜菜叶、水果皮等准备丢掉的蔬菜或植物，不包括废纸、塑胶、金属罐头与瓶子。
2)制作过程中会有气体（臭氧）产生，如果使用窄口的容器（如矿泉水瓶），切记每天将瓶口稍微打开，用来卸放气体（至少每星期卸气一次，否则瓶子将会被撑破）。如果使用宽口的容器，气体会自然被挤出，较无上述问题。
3)制作过程中如果发现苍蝇卵，不必担心也不必理会，发酵过程将会把它们分解掉，这也说明了环保酵素不会对生物带来危害。
4)若发现液体表面产生白色、黑色或棕色的微生物，不必理会，让它继续发酵。
5)使用蔬菜水果的厨馀而不使用鱼、肉等厨馀，是为了使制作出来的酵素味道比较清新。如果希望制作出来的酵素有较好的气味，可于制作过程中加入橘子皮、柠檬皮及班兰叶等气味较好的蔬菜果皮。
6)若一时无法搜集到这么大量的鲜垃圾，可陆续加入鲜垃圾，3个月的期限由最后一次加入鲜垃圾那天算起。
7)制作过程中可加入与黑糖同样比例的菌母，加速发酵过程。（菌母又称为菌精，可在有机店买到。）
8)成功的环保酵素应该呈棕黄色，且有橘子般的刺激气味，将制好的环保酵素过滤到瓶子中待用。若酵素呈现黑色，即腐败，不成功了，只要加入同样份量的黑糖，重新发酵即可。
9)环保酵素应置放于空气流通、阴凉的地方，避免阳光直接照射。

使用方法：
调稀，效果会更加好

使用效果：
若用已酿制三个月的环保酵素来洗厕所，可防止水管堵塞，厕所没有臭味。
蚊子、苍蝇、老鼠、蟑螂的数量会减少。
更有效的洗衣、洗碗、抹地。
可用来清洗抽风机、冷气机、汽车。
可加入沐浴、洗发水等减少化学污染与破坏。
去除异味、霉菌、尘垢、污秽、油污等。
可抗家畜、香烟及空气中的臭味并当作空气清新剂使用。
减少垃圾，从而减轻社会处理垃圾的负担及费用。
对身体有害的微生物也会被分解和消灭。
分享，合十。。。